minid Species :: essays papers

minid SpeciesThe time of the split between humans and living apes used to be position to have occurred 15 to 20 one meg million million years ago, or even up to 30 or 40 million years ago. Some apes occurring in spite of appearance that time period, such as Ramapithecus, used to be considered as hominids, and possible ancestors of humans. Later fossil finds indicated that RamapiHothecus was more closely related to the orang-utan, and new biochemical license indicated that the last common ancestor of hominids and apes occurred between 5 and 10 million years ago, and probably in the lower end of that range. Ramapithecus therefore is no overnight considered a hominid. The species here atomic number 18 listed roughly in order of appearance in the fossil record (note that this ordering is not meant to represent an evolutionary sequence), pull up that the robust australopithecines are kept together.Ardipithecus ramidusIt is the oldest known hominid species, found in the Middle Awa sh region of Ethiopia in 1994 by Tim White and dated at 4.4 million years. Most remains are skull fragments. Indirect indorse suggests that it was possibly bipedal, and that some individuals were about 122 cm (40) tall. The teeth are intermediate between those of previous apes and A. afarensis, but one baby tooth is very primitive, resembling a chimpanzee tooth more than any other known hominid tooth. Other fossils found with ramidus indicate that it whitethorn have been a forest dweller. This may cause modification of current theories about why hominids became bipedal, which often link bipedalism with a move to a savanna environment. Australopithecus anamensisThis species was found in 1994 by Maeve Leakey in Kanapoi and Allia Bay situated in North Kenya. The material consists of 9 fossils, mostly found in 1994, from Kanapoi, and 12 fossils, mostly teeth found in 1988, from Allia Bay. Anamensis existed between 4.2 and 3.9 million years ago, and has a mixture of primitive feature s in the skull, and advanced features in the body. The teeth and jaws are very similar to those of older fossil apes. A partial tibia is strong evidence of bipedality, and a lower humerus is extremely humanlike. Australopithecus afarensisA. afarensis existed between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. The first of its fossils were found in the mid 1970s along the East African Rift valley. Afarensis had an apelike face with a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, and no chin.minid Species essays papersminid SpeciesThe time of the split between humans and living apes used to be vox populi to have occurred 15 to 20 million years ago, or even up to 30 or 40 million years ago. Some apes occurring inside that time period, such as Ramapithecus, used to be considered as hominids, and possible ancestors of humans. Later fossil finds indicated that RamapiHothecus was more closely related to the orang-utan, and new biochemical evidence indicated that the last common ancestor of hominids and apes occurred between 5 and 10 million years ago, and probably in the lower end of that range. Ramapithecus therefore is no weeklong considered a hominid. The species here are listed roughly in order of appearance in the fossil record (note that this ordering is not meant to represent an evolutionary sequence), object that the robust australopithecines are kept together.Ardipithecus ramidusIt is the oldest known hominid species, found in the Middle Awash region of Ethiopia in 1994 by Tim White and dated at 4.4 million years. Most remains are skull fragments. Indirect evidence suggests that it was possibly bipedal, and that some individuals were about 122 cm (40) tall. The teeth are intermediate between those of originally apes and A. afarensis, but one baby tooth is very primitive, resembling a chimpanzee tooth more than any other known hominid tooth. Other fossils found with ramidus indicate that it may have been a forest dweller. This may cause modification of cur rent theories about why hominids became bipedal, which often link bipedalism with a move to a savannah environment. Australopithecus anamensisThis species was found in 1994 by Maeve Leakey in Kanapoi and Allia Bay situated in North Kenya. The material consists of 9 fossils, mostly found in 1994, from Kanapoi, and 12 fossils, mostly teeth found in 1988, from Allia Bay. Anamensis existed between 4.2 and 3.9 million years ago, and has a mixture of primitive features in the skull, and advanced features in the body. The teeth and jaws are very similar to those of older fossil apes. A partial tibia is strong evidence of bipedality, and a lower humerus is extremely humanlike. Australopithecus afarensisA. afarensis existed between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. The first of its fossils were found in the mid 1970s along the East African Rift valley. Afarensis had an apelike face with a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, and no chin.

Creation In Mythology Essay -- essays research papers

The creation of man and the world is a question that has resonated since the conscience of thought and analysis began. We as human beings consent the tendency to research discover the reasons and truths of the phenomena that occur around us, and our desire to achieve answers has not hindered our exploration of human existence. We tease ourselves by asking the most simplistic questions why ar we here(predicate) how did we come to be who created our world? And as our minds seek into the unknown and force us to develop the theories of our origins, the human hunger for reason and truth begs to differ. Stories have still throughout the generations that have preceded us, and its transition from person to person further molded these myths into a realistic fantasy that not only defined the sight that held them, further captured believers that, in effect, became religion. As wide as cultural boundaries may seem, the myths that exist in different societies exhibit a common thread of un derstanding, whether it be address personas or moral comprehension. Three myths that demonstrate similarities in the development of forces, are the Japan, Polynesian, and Babylonian myths.In the Japanese creation myth, the characters Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto introduce give to a many children who make up the world in which we live in today. 8 of their children are the islands of Japan, and the others include the god of the wind, gods of the sea... Creation In Mythology quiz -- essays research papersThe creation of man and the world is a question that has resonated since the conscience of thought and analysis began. We as human beings have the tendency to seek out the reasons and truths of the phenomena that occur around us, and our desire to achieve answers has not hindered our exploration of human existence. We tease ourselves by asking the most simplistic questions why are we here how did we come to be who created our world? And as our minds seek into the unknown and force us to develop the theories of our origins, the human hunger for reason and truth begs to differ. Stories have collected throughout the generations that have preceded us, and its transition from person to person further molded these myths into a realistic fantasy that not only defined the people that held them, but captured believers that, in effect, became religion. As wide as cultural boundaries may seem, the myths that exist in different societies exhibit a common thread of understanding, whether it be character personas or moral comprehension. Three myths that demonstrate similarities in the development of forces, are the Japan, Polynesian, and Babylonian myths.In the Japanese creation myth, the characters Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto give birth to a many children who make up the world in which we live in today. 8 of their children are the islands of Japan, and the others include the god of the wind, gods of the sea...

The Feminine in William Butler Yeats Poetry Essay -- Poems Women femi

The Feminine in William Butler Yeats PoetryWilliam Butler Yeats had a long history of involvement with women. He was deeply affected by all types of women from love interests with Mrs. Olivia Shakespear, Maud Gonne and her adopted daughter Iseult, to a partnership and friendship with brothel keeper Gregory, to marriage with Georgie Hyde-Lees, and finally the birth of his own daughter Anne Yeats. These relationships are reflected in his poetry on many different and multi-layered levels. The mentions of women in his work gives the readers some historical content as well as show the development of his feminine idea. As different as his many relationships with women were, so was his reflection of them in his writing. Yeats took peck he knew and transformed them into theatrical roles and patterns of order (Unterecker 12). In this case, it is important to notice Yeatss use of biography within his poetry. In 1889, Yeats was introduced to Maud Gonne who became a central part of hi s life and study theme in his work. She was an adamant Irish nationalist and a beautiful woman to Yeats. He pursued her much of his life, only to be rejected repeatedly by her. In 1894 he met Mrs. Olivia Shakespear whom he regarded as a confidant, despite their short affair. Yeats found friendship and maternal caring in Lady Gregory. She became for him an image of aristocratic courtesy (Untereker 14). Yeats spent time at her estate, Coole Park, and traveled often with Lady Gregory and her son Robert. He became director of Abbey Theatre with Lady Gregory in 1906. In 1911 he met George Hyde-Lees and due to the encouragement of Mrs. Shakespear and Lady Gregory he proposes. Yeats married Georgia Hyde-Lees and on February 24, 1919 their daughter Anne was bo... ...ess. untried York Cambridge University Press, 1996.Jeffares, Norman A. A New Commentary on the Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press, 1984.Keane, Patrick J. Yeats, Joyce, Ireland, and the Myth of the Devouring Female. MO University of Missouri Press, 1988.Kline, Gloria C. The Last Courtly Lover Yeats and the Idea of Woman. Ann Arbor, MI UMI Research Press, 1983.Stubbings, Diane. Anglo-Irish Modernism and the Maternal From Yeats to Joyce. New York Palgrave, 2000.Unterecker, John. A Readers Guide to William Butler Yeats. Syracuse, NY Syracuse University Press, 1996.Whitaker, Thomas R. Swan and Shadow Yeatss Dialogue with History. Durham, NC University of North Carolina Press, 1964.Yeats, W.B. The Collected Poems of W.B. Yeats. Ed. Richard J. Finneran. New York Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Computer Crime Is Increasing :: essays research papers fc

Computer Crime Is IncreasingA report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increasedramatically over the last 10 years.IntroductionComputer crime is generally defined as each crime accomplished through special(a)knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of white-collar crimeinvolve computers as more businesses automate and the information held by thecomputers stupefys an important asset. Computers can also become objects of crimewhen they or their contents argon damaged, for example when vandals attack thecomputer itself, or when a "computer virus" (a program capable of altering orerasing computer memory) is introduced into a computer system.As subjects of crime, computers represent the electronic environment in whichfrauds are programmed and executed an example is the transfer of moneybalances in accounts to perpetrators accounts for withdrawal. Computers areinstruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts.Examples o f these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occurover long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to stealor alter valuable information from an employer.Variety and ExtentSince the first cases were reported in 1958, computers remove been used for mostkinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage,espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes establishedthat most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e.persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. frequently ofknown computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. Thismethod of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process ofwriting a program to swop data already in the computer.Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone areprevalent in our society, increasing numbers of crimes have been perpetrated bycomputer hobbyists, known as "hackers," who display a high level of technicalexpertise. These "hackers" are able to manipulate various communicationssystems so that their interference with other computer systems is hidden andtheir real identity is difficult to trace. The crimes committed by most"hackers" consist mainly of simple but high-priced electronictrespassing, copyrighted-information piracy, and vandalism. There is alsoevidence that organised professional criminals have been attacking and usingcomputer systems as they find their old activities and environments beingautomated.another(prenominal) area of grave concern to both the operators and users of computersystems is the increasing prevalence of computer viruses. A computer virus isgenerally defined as any sort of destructive computer program, though the termis usually reserved for the most dangerous ones. The ethos of a computer virusis an intent to cause damage, " akin to vandalism on a small scale, or terrorism

Al Capone Biography :: Biography

Al Capone was possibly the largest and most feared mofia bossAmerica has ever seen. This 1920s gangster made his mark on the worldthrough nonionized crime during the Prohibition era. He is solely attributedwith moolahs reputation as a lawless city. Alphonsus Capone was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, NewYork. As a child he was a member of the Brooklyn Rippers and the FortyThieves Juniors kid gangs. Capone quit school at age fourteen in the sixthgrade. He worked a few odd jobs in Manhattan in a bowling alley and acandy store. Then Capone took a position as a bouncer in Frankie YalesBrooklyn dive and the Harvard Inn. While working at the Inn he wasattacked by a man and received the facial scars that would do him thebyname Scarface. Capone met Anne Mae Coughlin at a dance in 1918. Later that yearon December 4, 1918 she gave birth to their son, Albert Sonny Francis. Less than a month later they were married.Capone became a member of the Five Points gang in Manhattan. During thi s time he hospitalized a rival gang member in a fight. Feeling theheat from the conflicting group, he moved his family to Chicago. He began towork for John Torrio, an old partner and mentor of Yale. Capone was soonhelping to manage Torrios bootlegging business. He readily gained therespect of Torrio and became his number two man. After being shot by anopposing gang member, Torrio left Chicago. Capone became boss of theoutfit. Torrios men respected Capone and rely his business decisions. They referred to Capone as the big man. In the next five years heexpanded his industry of crime. Capone controlled speakeasies, nightclubs,brothels, gambling houses, and much more. His bootlegging provided the cityof Chicago with alcohol during prohibition. Capone had a reported income of$100,000,000 a year. Capone had an intricate spy network throughout Chicago. Crookedpolice men let him prepare for liquor raids and more or less of his other men madehim aware of assassination plots. He would use hotels as his headquartersand front businesses for a hideout. Capone was always good at successfullyknocking off his enemies when they became too powerful. Although he killedmen himself, it was much safer for his henchmen to do his dirty work.Capones men would rent an apartment across the street from their come in andgun him down when he stepped outside. These operations were quick andprecise, and Capone always had an alibi.On St. Valentines Day, 1929, four of Capones cohorts entered the

Al Capone Biography :: Biography

Al Capone was possibly the largest and most feared mofia bossAmerica has ever seen. This 1920s gangster made his mark on the worldthrough unionised crime during the Prohibition era. He is solely attributedwith wampums reputation as a lawless city. Alphonsus Capone was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, NewYork. As a child he was a member of the Brooklyn Rippers and the FortyThieves Juniors kid gangs. Capone quit school at age fourteen in the sixthgrade. He worked a few odd jobs in Manhattan in a bowling alley and acandy store. Then Capone took a position as a bouncer in Frankie YalesBrooklyn dive and the Harvard Inn. While working at the Inn he wasattacked by a man and received the facial scars that would blow over him thebyname Scarface. Capone met Anne Mae Coughlin at a dance in 1918. Later that yearon December 4, 1918 she gave birth to their son, Albert Sonny Francis. Less than a month later they were married.Capone became a member of the Five Points gang in Manhattan. Duri ng this time he hospitalized a rival gang member in a fight. Feeling theheat from the strange group, he moved his family to Chicago. He began towork for John Torrio, an old partner and mentor of Yale. Capone was soonhelping to manage Torrios bootlegging business. He quick gained therespect of Torrio and became his number two man. After being shot by anopposing gang member, Torrio left Chicago. Capone became boss of theoutfit. Torrios men respected Capone and trust his business decisions. They referred to Capone as the big man. In the next five years heexpanded his industry of crime. Capone controlled speakeasies, nightclubs,brothels, gambling houses, and much more. His bootlegging provided the cityof Chicago with alcohol during prohibition. Capone had a reported income of$100,000,000 a year. Capone had an intricate spy network throughout Chicago. Crookedpolice men let him prepare for liquor raids and both(prenominal) of his other men madehim aware of assassination plots. He woul d use hotels as his headquartersand front businesses for a hideout. Capone was always good at successfullyknocking off his enemies when they became too powerful. Although he killedmen himself, it was much safer for his henchmen to do his dirty work.Capones men would rent an apartment across the street from their mug andgun him down when he stepped outside. These operations were quick andprecise, and Capone always had an alibi.On St. Valentines Day, 1929, four of Capones cohorts entered the

Volcanic Environment of Western Victoria

Strand so forthing all the way from Melbourne to Port bolt down, the simple(a) is mostly flat and used giganticly for agriculture. Dairy farms, livestock, and vineyards are all examples of agriculture types raise in the region. Major population centers in the region include Cameroon, Hamilton, Portland and Cola.The explorer Major Mitchell described this place as a region more all-encompassing than Great Britain, equally rich in point of soil, and which straight lies ready for the plow in many regions, as if specially prepared by the origin for the industrious hands of Englishmen. horse opera capital of Seychelles vol ceaseic plain is maven of the three largest volcanic plains in the world in scale, screening the region betwixt Melbourne and Portland, which is over 15000 km. The signs of volcanic characteristics be fuck off apparent while driving west of Gelling, where some farms are littered with basalt.Scattered bluebonnets can be found around the area. impetuous furthe r west, walls built with volcanic rocks kick the bucket more and more coarse. More than 400 vents of dross volcanoes, marry volcanoes, imposed volcanoes, shield volcanoes and fissure volcanoes are unequally distributed in the area, with a few youngest ones in the state such as Met. Napier. Other volcanic features such as stony rises, lava tubes/caves, tumults, lava canals and natural bridges can all be found in this area.The volcanoes are very significant to residents in the local region, as it bring fertile soil for agriculture and opportunities for some other industries such as stone cutting or tourism. We can say that the local residents are dependent on the volcanoes. It is besides an important volcano plain in Australia, as it is the largest volcanic plain in the entry. Lots of studies are being done in this region every year and some paleontologists come from overseas as well. in that locationfore even on an international basis the importance of this region cannot be igno red.It is recognized by the United Nation as a Global Cooperage and is the only one in Australia. Map Source Textbook Scoria Volcanoes Scoria volcanoes are excessively called cinder volcanoes, and they are widely distributed in the western plains of Victoria and besides the most common type of volcano in the world. Examples of this volcano in the region are Met. Elephant, Met. Narrator, Mr. Rouses and partly crimson Rock. These volcanoes have steep sides, and are often mixtureed by one period of volcanic activity. In the scoria cones, we can already tell from the parent that we can find lots of scoria rocks. (Figure 1. ) They are small and red pieces of lava containing lots of vesicles in it. Met Narrator is one of the scoria cones we have visited in the trip. It is rigid near the small town of Narrator. Being the deepest scoria en unopen volcanic volcanic crater in the state, its crater is very large in scale, with more than 400 meters wide and 190 meters deep. (Figure 1 . ) Currently this volcano is extinct, and the area around is used for mostly dairy and cattle farming, and a little bit of tourism as well. Before the European acttlers came to this region, this hand is used as a trading place for the Karee Wrong people.Although it is located on private land, the volcano is still considered a part of the Swanking Global Cooperage and is still accessible through the Alan Marshall move trail unquestionable by the government, taking tourists to the top of the crater. Electric fences are set by the land owner to prevent tourists from entering private egging of the mountain. (Figure 1. 2)The highest point on the crater is roughly 310 meters above sea level, and the land around the mountain is extremely flat compared to the mountain itself. (Figure 1. 3) Figure 1. 2 Alan Marshall Trail.Photo by David Www Met rouse is another scoria volcano located ab issue 1 km mhoeast of Pinehurst. It stands astir(predicate) 100 meters tall, and the dominant rock pre sent is scoria and basalt. (Figure 1. 4) It is a extinct volcano as its last eruption occurred about 30000 days ago. A quarry is present at the foot of the mountain and its main product is scoria. The scoria rocks was used to build roads and some buildings. It was closed in the late ass, simply because they ran out of what theyre digging for. It has also been reverberated in the ass and the sign of it being a quarry is disappearing.Figure 1. 4. Some low-grade basalt and scoria in the quarry. Photo by David Www Shield Volcanoes Shield or Lava volcanoes account for about half on the Western Plains of Victoria. Its characteristics include gently slanting sides and a broad summit. (Figure 2. 0) Its formed by lava of low viscosity erupting repeatedly, forming layers of solid lava that lopes gently around the crater. Met. Napier and Met. Cottrell are all examples of this type of volcano. Lots basalt can be found in shield volcanoes. Figure 2. 0 Met Napier. Photo by David Www Met. Napier (Figure 2. ) is one of the shield volcanoes that we have visited. It is the youngest volcano in the state, which erupted about 7000 years ago, and therefore considered dormant. It stands 440 meters above sea level and its located in the region about 25 kilometers south of Hamilton. Unlike Met. Narrator, Met Napier is located in public land, thus easily accessible. A scoria cone is present in Met. Napier, therefore scoria rock can be found as well. This is also one of the best-preserved volcanic landscapes in Victoria, as lava draws and caves can be seen clearly. (Figure 2. ) A scenic lookout is now developed at Harmonys Valley, and tourists can now observe the smart as a whip lava flow. Figure 2. 1, Baud Caves. Photo by David Www Dale Jerkin, a writer, included Met Napier in his book Ab victor Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes, which reflects the significance of the mountain in the aboriginal community. It is now managed by the state government. Minor roads and tracks are built to take visitors to the summit. The land surrounding the volcano still stays quite a rural, and is used for farming. Fissure Volcanoes Fissure volcanoes are formed when there are long cracks in the surface of the crust.They usually have no central crater at all. Large quantity of lava allow erupt through a linear array of volcanic vent distributed along the crack in the crust. Basalt seems to be the most common type of rock present in this type of volcano. Met. Cycles is an example of fissure volcano in the western plains of Victoria. Met. Cycles is located 42 kilometers south of Hamilton, 56 kilometers north west of Port Fairy and about 330 kilometers west of Melbourne. It elevates 178 meters above the sea level. Although its name is not a scoria volcano, the mount itself is a rounded scoria cone.Scoria rocks can be found in the volcano as well. Its previous eruption happened about 8000 years ago therefore its also considered a dormant volcano instead of an extinct one. The whole mountain is situated inside a national commonality, and is very well managed with facilities such as toilets, information boards, picnic tables and etc. (Figure 3. 0) Figure 3. 0. Information Center Photo by David Www Walking tracks are built to guide tourists through the park. There are 7 vents in total along the fissure, with a few under Lake Surprise, a popular swimming pool in the summer. (Figure 3. ) Currently this park is used mostly for tourism as a result of it having such magnificent and well-preserved volcanic features, such as vents, lakes, lava canals, natural bridges and etc. (Explained in later section of the report) Victorian aboriginals used to use this environment as their food source as they plant food on the land and trawl fish from the lake. A part of the park used to be a quarry or 50 years, providing scoria rocks for roads. Currently, natural growth of trees has been covering the evidence of a quarry and reconstructing the land into its previous appearance.Fi gure 3. 2. Lake Surprise. Photo by David Www Mars and Nested Mars Marry volcanoes are the second most common volcano type after scoria volcanoes. They are created when ground body of water meets hot magma and produces steam. The pressure will increase in the ground when this process goes on and will last in an explosion. The explosion is usually vigorous and leaves a large hole in the ground. The bottom of the crater is usually lower than the original ground surface therefore it may turn into a body of water. (Figure 4. ) During an eruption, large quantity of gas, water, ash, rocks and enigmatic material will be blown out of the crater. When the depart falls down back to the surface of Earth, it will solidify and become a volcanic rock called calc-tufa. Examples of this kind of volcano in the Western Victoria Volcanic Plain include Tower Hill, Lake Knots, Lake Bullet Merrier and etc. They are mostly distributed in the southern region of Victoria, as they are spatially associated w ith the eater table present. Tower Hill is one of the many marry volcanoes in western Victoria and 13 km northwest of Workaholic.It presents itself like a shallow bucket embedded in the ground from an aerial view, as its crater is 4 km wide and 80 meters tall. Both scoria and tuff can be found in the crater. (Figure 4. 1) It is described as a stroll among the gigantic ferns of the valley A ramble among the cones and craters The winding path at the foot of the basaltic rises close to the lake Almost tropical reeds rustle in the breeze Leafy shrubs and trees form delightful bowers and alcoves Tender motion in able company by George Fenwick in 1858. Figure 4. 1 .Layers of tuff on the edge of the crater. Photo by David Www Indigenous Victorians and early settlers used the land as a source for firewood. It is then declared a national park during the year of 1892 to preserve its unique landforms. It is also the first national park in Australia. The park covers 612 hectares in scale. In t he past century, Tower Hill experienced sever whether conditions such as the drought in 1930, and also experienced major(ip) changes such as the vegetation in 1961. It is now very well managed and only used for tourism. Roads are built to take tourists down the crater.Picnic tables with electric BBC, viewing platforms and toilets are all examples of facilities offered in Tower Hill. Information centers are set up and guided tours are available to explain some of the characteristics of the volcano. set lots are available for cars. (Figure 4. 2) Figure 4. 2. Toilets, walking tracks and parking lots in Tower Hill. Photo by David Www Animal control is also a major issue in Tower hill. Koalas are brought to Tower Hill by humans, but apparently they have started to over generate and become a threat to he plants present. Figure 4. 3) They then had to be controlled by injecting a device in their body to stop them from breeding. Foxes, cats and rabbits are currently also considered invasiv e now as they manifested threat to other animals and plants in Tower hill Figure 4. 3. A koala in Tower Hill. Source http//www. Irresponsibleness. Com/holidays/Victoria/travel-guide/great-ocean- road-wildlife-and-aboriginal-culture Lake Bullet Merrier is another example of a marry volcano located 4 km west of Cameroon. The crater has turned into a large lake about 2 km in diameter. (Figure 4. This volcano did not show significant elevation, however the northeast side of the crater is relatively higher than the rest of the crater rim as a result of prevailing wind. The lake used to be and is still used for fishing, and now it has also developed into a place for water activities such as water skiing. Other Volcanic Features Stony rises Stony rises are uneven surfaces on the ground. They are usually formed when old lava flow cracks on the top, causing the skin on the surface to sag and collapse. They are usually made of basalt and some scoria rocks. Those stones are used by European se ttlers for building fences and houses.There are not much management done for these stony rises, as they usually dont attract tourists, apart from year 1 1 geographics students and other researchers. They are Just cleared out of farms for ease in farming. Stony rises are widely distributed in the western region of Victoria. Figure 5. 0 is stony rises around the town of Pinehurst, created by lava flow from Met. Rouse. Figure 5. 0. Story rises near Pinehurst. Photo by David Www Tumulus The word tumulus (Plural form tumuli) means Small hill in Latin, and they are commonly known as lava blisters. They are a dome shaped half-spheres on the ground.Sometimes their roof will collapse. (Figure 5. 1) Its formed when gases in lava flow gather in a small area near the surface of the ground and they might also explode. We can reckon of them as pimples in the ground. They can be found in the region 40 km southwest of Hamilton. Figure 5. 1 . A tumulus located west of Met. Napier. Source Textbook. Lava Tubes and Caves Lava caves and tubes are formed when a lava flow solidifies on the top but the lava below continues to flow. When the lava stops flowing under the curdled top, it empties out the space below the ground and creates the caves and tubes.Baud cave is a bunch of caves and tubes located in the region 20 km south of Hamilton. This landscape has developed into a park and became a part of Met Napier State Park and is managed by the state government. There are handrails built prevent tourist from falling into the caves, and walking tracks to guide tourists to the various caves. Some of the basalt rocks have been taken out of the caves to build infrastructures such as fences by indigenous people and early settlers, but now as it has developed onto a tourist attraction, those activities have stopped.

Gap year

There are approximately ten out of ten students that would take a geological fault year before attending college or else than Just consenting for college right away. Undoubtedly a nice break from all this pressure would be Just perfect but not really laboursaving for graduates. Therefore, students that do not attend college right after high school tend to lose time. The actual concept is to register into college after graduating from high school. If graduates repel a year off after high school they allow not sit the college experience.School is not Just about learning the essentials it is about decision making what a student wants to be, and which college a student wants to attend. Students should not take a gap year because they are more likely to forget everything they have conditioned during their high school years and it also affects their motivation for learning. Students that attend college after high school without taking a gap year have a experienceable mind and pr eserve more of what they were taught in school to participate in their college courses.However, students that take a gap year tend to lose their knowledge and it result be difficult for them to get back on track. Instead of all the suffering and anxiety on making the right choice to which college to reach to, just get it over with. Rather than risking their life and career. In The Gap Year, Hannah Purnell (2013) argues that students are going to forget and move out of formation of the academic skills. It will be a difficult for them and they are not going to be fully prepared on the first day of college after having a gap year.Gap yearThere are approximately ten out of ten students that would take a gap year before attending college quite than Just applying for college right away. Undoubtedly a nice break from all this pressure would be Just perfect but not really stabilizing for graduates. Therefore, students that do not attend college right after high school tend to lose time. The actual concept is to register into college after graduating from high school. If graduates get a year off after high school they will not get the college experience.School is not Just about learning the essentials it is about deciding what a student wants to be, and which college a student wants to attend. Students should not take a gap year because they are more likely to forget everything they have intentional during their high school years and it also affects their motivation for learning. Students that attend college after high school without taking a gap year have a knowledgeable mind and preserve more of what they were taught in school to participate in their college courses.However, students that take a gap year tend to lose their knowledge and it will be difficult for them to get back on track. Instead of all the suffering and anxiety on making the right choice to which college to apply to, just get it over with. Rather than risking their life and career. In The Gap Ye ar, Hannah Purnell (2013) argues that students are going to forget and move out of formation of the academic skills. It will be a difficult for them and they are not going to be fully prepared on the first day of college after having a gap year.

Storm Born Chapter Twenty-Two

I didnt give Lara all the details the next day, only that Id just broken up with a guy.Ice cream, she informed me done the phone. Lots of codswallop cream. And tequila. Thats the key.I cant do a lot of drinking right now.Hmm. Well, maybe invite one of those liqueur-flavored ice creams. Like with Kahla or Irish cream.Any opposite hot tips?Chick flicks.Good God. Im disconnecting right now.Well, then, try this. She sounded huffy. I just got a call from a guy who thinks theres a troll in his basement. Seems exchangeable beating one of those up would be therapeutic.Laras bounteous of shit, Tim told me later when I recounted the phone call. Why do women work on to ice cream? It makes them fat, then they hate themselves and start going on and on some how theyll never find anybody, blah, blah. Its stupid. Now, if youve got some peyote squirreled away, thatd be a contrasting matter.No, I said. No peyote. non after what happened at long last time.He made a face. All right, then. My best advice? Dont call him. Hes probably going through all sorts of regret and guilt. You call him, hell tactile property smothered and put up his defenses. Let him stew for a while, and hell call you.I dont want him to call.Sure, Eug.I finish up victorious down the troll later that day, that it didnt unfeignedly do a great deal for me. Neither did the Kiss puzzle I put unitedly that night. With my doldrums growing, I was only too happy when my next lesson with Dorian came the following day.Considering his fascination with piece things and novelty in general, I thought hed like eating bug out somewhere. I didnt go through why I bothered we probably should beget gone straight to the lesson. Maybe I mat up indictable about the sex thing. Maybe I was lonely.After a quick drive, I arrived at the Catalina Lodge, a prissy hotel about a mile or so from Catalina State Park. I parked in a remote spot, hopefully away from watchful eyes, and sat down on the ground with cut throu gh legs. The ring sat beside me on the asphalt. Slipping on my sunglasses, I leaned against the car and waited.My timing couldnt prevail been more perfect. A few minutes later, I felt the pressure and tingling, and then Dorian materialized beside me. Hed left the robes and cloaks at home, wearing dark pants and a blousy, sage-colored shirt that face uped only moderately out of place. He squinted up at the bright sunlight and then noticed me on the ground.Isnt it ever cloudy in this infernal place?I straightened up, and he offered a reach out to help me rise. I could arrange that if you wanted.And risk you wiping out half of your fair city? No thank you.Figured youd appreciate that. Itll make your world command easier. One less place to conquer.No. I need this place intact. I plan on keeping prisoners and exiled enemies here. Where exactly are we today? simple steps away from the best food of your life, if rumors are true.He flashed me one of his trademark grins. Pleasure before business? My, my, you never fail to astound me.Hell, waitll you uplift me identify all(prenominal) water source in the restaurant. That, at least, had been a good thing to come from Beltane. I could now feel cactuses, wells, and any other water source within a certain distance. I could even sense people now since the human body was supposed to be, what, 65 percent water? That meant no one could sneak up on me.Inside and seated, Dorian found watching his surroundings far more fascinating than anything on the menu.Pick something for me, he said distractedly, watching a family leave with four small children in tow. He cocked his head curiously. By the gods, do all those exact ones belong to them?I glanced up. Likely.And their mother looks pregnant again. Incredible. Back home, those people would be worshipped as fertility deities. A family with two children is remarkable enough.The waitress returned. I ordered spinach-stuffed ravioli for me and some sort of spicy chicken for him.A lot of middle-and upper-class families actually go out of their way to only have two kids. And a lot of them dont even start until theyre older than me.Baffling. He propped his elbow on the table, resting his chin in his flip over. A woman your age could have had that many children by now.Hey, Im like twenty-six. Im not that old. I dont even look my age.Thats your fathers blood. And I wasnt insulting your age merely making an observation. He sighed. Id give up half my kingdom for just one child.I smiled slyly. And the chance to be the father of Storm Kings grandson?Id be just as happy to father his granddaughter too. Id be happy to father anyones child.Then why dont you find some nice girl and do it?Believe me, it hasnt been for lack of trying. His face held a rare seriousness, simply the expression vanished as quickly as it came. Ah, now theres a fetching young woman.Following his gaze across the restaurant, I saw a steep blond woman exit the restroom. She was stuffed into a ti ny spandex dress, her chest practically spilling out. I didnt have the heart to tell Dorian there was probably a lot of silicone in there. His eyes lingered on her, then his charm-alarm must have gone off for fear of neglecting me. He turned dorsum around. non that you dont look lovely today too.You dont have to pacify me. I laughed. Youre welcome to ogle other women.Our late-afternoon meal proceeded nicely, and everything about it continued to enchant Dorian. The credit greenback I used to pay with at the end especially captivated him.It has information about me stored in it, I tried to explain. That information lets the restaurant get money from me.He picked up the returned card gingerly, turning it over and over in his fingers. Intriguing. I imagine this has to do something with electricity? The blood of your culture?His ironical tone made me smile. Something like that.It wasnt until we were on the mile and a half walk to Catalina State Park that things got a little tense.Heard from the kitsune lately?He has a name, I snapped.Heard from Kiyo lately?No.Really? He hasnt tried to contact you and beg for forgiveness?No, I repeated between gritted teeth. Something about the way he said it made it sound like Id been dealt a great insult.Odd. I think thats what Id do if Id offended my ladylove. Of course, I suppose when a man spends half his existence as an animal, you cant really expect him not to act like one.I halted and turned on Dorian. Stop it. Just live it, okay? Stop trying to poison me against him.You dont need me to do what hes already done.Damn it, Dorian. Im serious.We started walking again, but it was me who brought up the subject again after some(prenominal) minutes of silence. You knew. You knew Maiwenn was pregnant and didnt tell me.It wasnt my secret to tell. Besides, I got in trouble the last time I spoke badly of her. You accused me of trying to turn you against her.Im not sure this is really the same thing. Were talking about Kiyo now. Las t time it was about Maiwenn wanting to pop me.And you dont think theyre the same thing?I stopped walking. What do you mean?Kiyo is her friend, formerly her lover, and now the father of her child. He stands firmly with her against Storm Kings invasion. Yet, where would he stand if it came to a choice between you or her? What if Maiwenn decided you were too great a threat? What would he do? What would he do if you accidentally got pregnant?A chill ran through me at his words. I abruptly turned away and barely recognized my own voice when I spoke.I dont want to talk about this anymore.He held up his workforce in a pacifying gesture, face tranquilize and affable. I honestly intended no harm. Pick another(prenominal) topic. Well discuss anything you like. scarcely I didnt really feel like talking anymore, so the rest of the walk proceeded in silence. When we finally entered the park, the sun was well into its descent. We still had plenty of light and set out to pick a good place to wo rk. We ended up following one of the less traveled trails and then deviated from it into a semi-treed area. We had nothing even destination to dense forest coverage, but rock outcroppings, some scraggly pines, and distance from the path promised relative privacy.The routine proved to be the same. Dorian had me sit on the ground, leaning against a rock. He had another stash of those silk cords and again wrapped them around me. The rock didnt make a suitable attachment, so he simply let my hands rest in my lap and bound them together at the wrist. Naturally, he did his usual artistic weave on them, in an elaborate way wrapping red and blue cords together.When he moved on to wrapping the cords around my chest and arms, his eyes flicked to mine and then back to his handiwork. You arent really going to stay mad at me for the rest of the day, are you?Im not mad.He laughed. Of course you are. Youre also a terrible liar. Lean forward, please. I did, letting him tie the knots bottomland m e.I just dont like you playing games, thats all. I dont trust them.And pray, what games am I playing?I dont even know half the time. Gentry games, I guess. You speak the truth, but it always has an ulterior motive behind it.He leaned me gently back against the rock and crouched on his knees to look me in the face. Ah, but I do speak the truth.I just cant tell what you want sometimes, Dorian. What your plans are. Youre heavy(p) to read.That delighted smile of his spread over his face. Im hard to read? This from the woman who alternately hates and fucks Otherworldly denizens? The same woman who claims not to trust me even while I tie her up, putting her completely at my mercy?I wiggled in my bonds. Well, I trust you with this.Are you sure?He pressed a hard kiss against my lips. It startled me, but I couldnt do anything about it. This man, this gentry the one who could be either helping me or using me had me trapped. I couldnt do anything except let him keep kissing me. The realiza tion triggered a response in me that was quite startling, considering my issues with control and helplessness. It made me feel vulnerableand excited.I turned my head away as much as I could, attempting to break off the kiss. Stop that.He leaned back on his heels. Just making a point.No, you werent. You were just trying to kiss me.Well, yes, youve got me there. But the fact remains Tied up or free, you can trust me. I do nothing that I dont firmly believe is in the elicit of your well-being. The same holds true for casual comments about your love life. Now then. He stood up. Shall we commence this lesson?No blindfold? I asked, still a little shaken.Not needed. You know where the water is. Or you will in just a moment.He produced the canteen Id brought along and took off its lid. Searching the area, he found a large boulder, reaching closely to his shoulders. He set the open canteen on top of it and then selected a spot for himself near some scrabbly bushes where he had a clear van tage of me and the canteen.You feel the water?Yes.Make sure of it. If you accidentally reach one of the trees and end up calling its water, youll kill the poor thing.I extended my senses, considering what he said. After a few moments, I felt certain I had the water sources all differentiated. No, Ive got it.All right, then. tender it to you.Am I supposed to make the canteen rise or something?No. You have no connection to it. But you do connect with the water. You feel it. You touch it with your mind. Now coax it to come to you, to come out of its container. Youve already done it with storm systems. The trick now is doing it on a small, specific level. draw a blank about your body its useless to you now. This is all in your mind.Thats all the instruction I get, coach?Afraid so.He stretched out, rolling onto his side to get comfortable. For mortal who took such care with his clothes, he seemed nonchalant about getting them dirty. I supposed laundry was a small concern when you had a full mental faculty to engineer care of it.Sighing, I turned back to the canteen. What I attempted seemed ludicrous but, then, so had touch modality the water in the first place. So, I followed what he said as best I could. My grip on the water was so tight, I efficacy as well have held it in my hand already. But no matter how hard my concentration focused, I couldnt make the water move. It reminded me of the wind. I could feel it but not control it. Well, actually, if my training progressed, I might actually be able to control it some day. But the analogy stood, nonetheless.Time dragged. Extensively. I tried and tried to order the water around, but it refused to obey.More time passed. It crawled.I finally decided it was a good thing the cords covered my watch because Id be pissed off if I discovered how much time had elapsed. Hours had slipped by I felt certain of it. The light had grown dimmer and dimmer. Looking over at Dorian, I swore he was asleep.Hey, I said. No respon se. HeyHe opened one eye.Im not getting anywhere with this. We should call it a night.He sat up. Giving up already?Already? Its been like two hours. Probably three.Miracles dont happen overnight. These things take time.How much time? Im starting to wonder if you made this magic rule just to protract on getting Jasmine.Well. You can believe that if it makes it easier for you. The truth if you trust me enough to hear it is that this is for your own protection. In a perfect world, we would go in and overstretch the girl quietly. In the real world, we will likely fight Aesons guards and Aeson himself. I would prefer we both walk out of this alive. You didnt fare so well last time.This is going to take forever. This training.I knew I was being whiny and petulant, but my back hurt, and mosquitoes had come out. At least in identifying the water source, Id been able to take guesses. Here I could do nothing more than just wait and stare. If nothing happened, nothing happened.Im sorry, I told him. Im just tired, thats all. Didnt mean to bitch you out.He seemed unmolested by my reaction, just like always. Indeed, I could see his face regarding me kindly in the twilight. No problem at all. Lets go, then.He walked over to the canteen and recapped it. shutdown my eyes, I leaned my head back against the rock to wait for him to release me. As I did, I felt something cool and wet, like mist, spread out behind my back and neck. To my new water senses, it didnt feelright. Moments later, before I could ponder the difference, the mist coalesced into slimy skin.Dori My scream was cut off by cold, clawed hands. One covered my mouth, and the other gripped my throat. Dorian had spun around before my cry, making me think hed sensed something before I had. He leaped toward me, but four wet, human forms materialized in the air before him, blocking his way. Nixies. piddle spirits.Two were male two were female. Legends whispered they could shape-shift into more beautiful forms, but here they appeared drab. Clammy skin, dappled and gray. Clothes sodden and dripping. Seaweedlike hair hanging down. The one holding me pushed me down flat to the ground, all the better to cut off my oxygen that much faster. Water dripped onto me from her hair, and her eyes gleamed a sickly green in the waning light. She hissed with pleasure and pressed harder while I frantically assessed my options.I finished the assessment passably quickly because I had no options. I was fully armed but unable to reach anything because of Dorians fucking bondage fetish. Covering my mouth stopped me from summoning a minion. The world flickered with starbursts as my air disappeared. My lungs and throat heaved, trying desperately to latch onto something. Her claws dug into the tender flesh of my neck, and I half-wondered if shed rip it out sort of than wait for suffocation.My only hope was Dorian, but he wouldnt get to me anytime soon, not with his own army of Every stone and pebble in the area sud denly lift off the ground. Shortly thereafter, the really large stones and boulders followed suit. Those big ones exploded, fracturing into thousands of tiny shards. All those little pieces of rock rose higher, joining each other, slowing rotating in a clockwise manner.My captors grip had lessened slightly, probably from surprise. It didnt return my air, but I twisted my head enough to see Dorian standing with his arms raised(a) up like some sort of symphony conductor. Above him, that cyclone of sharp rocks spun faster and faster, a blur to the eye. Then, as though giving the songs grand finale, he brought his arms down sharply.And down came the rocks.A portion of that maelstrom swooped and soared, the primitive predecessors of bullets. At first their movements seemed chaotic, and I feared falling into their path. But it turned out every rock had its own plan, its own target. Those sharp pieces honed down on the nixie holding me, piercing and slicing with a fierce precision. She o pened her mouth in a silent scream as blood splashed onto me, and her torn body collapsed in a bloody, wet pile. I twisted out from under her, taking in big gulping breaths of air.Beyond her, Dorian gave another downward motion, urging his orchestra to its next climactic moment. The rocks swooped into another nixie, cutting it to pieces. Then anotherand anotheruntil the nixies were nothing but ribbons of blood and gore. Their task complete, the rocks gently fell to the earth, as soft and placid as drops of rain.The entire counterattack had taken less than a minute.Immediately, Dorian knelt by my side, helping me sit up as I gasped my way back to life. Easy, easy, he warned. Blood covered both of us. Small breaths.untie me Get me out of thisHe pulled the silver athame from my belt. In moments, he sliced open the cords, freeing my arms and hands. I jerked away, my adrenaline still surging. He reached for me, but I flailed against him.Damn you You almost got me killed I yelled, hearing the hysteria in my voice. You almost got me killedHe grabbed my upper arms with a solid strength, pulling me to him and forcing me to stillness. Eugenie, calm down. EugenieHe shook me hard where I still struggled, and I halted abruptly, quelled by the harsh sound of his voice and ferocity of his grasp. I could no longish find the silly, languid gentry king. There was a stranger holding me, his face hard and commanding.Do you think Id let anything happen to you? he demanded, almost shouting. Do you think Id let anything harm you?I swallowed, still in pain from the nixies claws on my throat, and found my body shaking. His grip was so tight, I might as well have been tied up again. He scared me, having turned into someone else. Someone supplyful and awe-inspiring. Looking into his eyes and seeing the suds on his face, I realized fear had touched more than just me. He was scared too, not for himself, but for what had almost happened to me. Something inside me eased up, and I nearl y slumped into him.I cant believe what you did, I whispered. I killed all the time without much thought or effort, but thisthis had been something else entirely. And he wasnt even at full strength in this world. You slaughtered them.I did what I had to do. The heat in his voice had faded, replaced with a deadly calm. And youll be able to do the same someday. One of his hands released me and moved to my head, smoothing my hair back. He pressed our bodies together and rested his cheek against mine so his soft words could spill into my ear. You will surpass me, Eugenie. Your power will be so great, none will stand against you. Armies and kingdoms will fall, and they will bow down before you.I found myself trembling again, feeling the same fear and excitement that had filled me during our last kiss. Only this time, I didnt know if my feelings came from his bodys proximityor the promise of power he offered.

Regulation of Hate Speech Essay

The whim that the g overnment might cut off hateful or propaganda filled-speech is counter to the thinker that America cherishes, that solely people ar created equal with unalienable rights, bingle of which is the right to voice unpopular ideas. Racist speech on campus or in the public squ be is uninviting, but acceptable, under certain circumstances. In Charles R. Lawrence IIIs essay, On Racist Speech, Lawrence repugns against the regulation of speech that he deems inflammatory, however he does seem to play both sides of the fence.He argues against regulation of racist speech by the establishment that does not contribute to the overall health of the minority residential district discourages censorship that could lead to a duct taping over certain mouths in America, in effect he would be happy if the majority populations just now let the minorities have a little more of the crumbs. The more unpopular an ideas is the less likely people will view the idea is a wage benefit t o humanity.Fostering free speech in the America, in the Court room and on college campuses would bring about a new paradigm in relations between minority and majority groups because they may start to understand each other in a more humane way. Lawrence suggests that a community of fair-minded people will self-regulate speech. The question of self regulation becomes an easily misunderstood idea, if it is not rectified with sanctions.Ku Klux Klan members (for instance) have no moral concern over the groups that they belittle and harass. Instead of demonizing the racist groups, Lawrence calls for counter r affiliate at University to bring the atmosphere of free speech to every citizen. Counter demonstrations are a healthy and necessity activity however, the community, as a whole, needs to s can a message that they strive for is positive, while the racist groups represent negativity.According to Lawrence, a distinction is haggard on campus between ideas that are presented at times and places and manners that provide an opportunity for reasoned rebuttal or escape from immediate injury, and ideas that are use as assault weapons (64). If counter demonstrations alone were sufficient to combat racism, then laws or university regulations would not be needed.Kermit Roosevelt III in his article States as Speakers offers most other opinion somewhat piggy backing on the matter of restricted free speech, he suggests that the concept that government may restrict speech of some elements of our society in order to enhance the relative voice of others is wholly foreign to the First Amendment (62) If one were to intentionally violate the universitys regulations, then one voluntarily gives away his or her privilege to free speech however, by forbidding the expression of racist speech on campus, or in workplaces, prudent authorities do not violate the First Amendment.Institutionalized racism as exemplified by the landmark Supreme Court case Brown vs. circuit card of Education , and it is a lesson to all Americans. The Supreme Court struck down the concept of separate but equal, which states that segregation is socially just as long as whites and nonwhites receive equal resources (Lawrence 62). Not surprisingly, this is not how segregation works. Some members of the dominant class (the white majority) did not like the idea of integrated schools, but they were ineffectual to prevent societal change because the winds of change were blowing against them.Maud Blair illustrates in her article white as institutionalized racism as conspiracy understanding the paradigm suggests that Whiteness is an ideology or social creation, a signifier of power and privilege in both global and local terms. Whiteness is not to be monstrous for White people although the two are of course closely linked. This civil rights movement continued despite the segregationist and delayers of separate but equal and the so called whiteness stereotype.Lawrence combats this idea with a re medy of his own, while arguing to protect minorities we must start eliminating the system of signs and symbols that signal the inferiority of blacks (62). Interestingly, Lawrence seems to play both sides of the fence he wants to appease the writes community while toying with minorities in a deceitful way. He proposes that it may even be elitist or judgmental to protect minorities he wonders how the unpersecuted can know the effects of persecution (62).The real issue is keeping protective measures from going so far that those who enact such measures end up doing exactly what racists are guilty of that is, assuming that minorities are inferior and incapable of defending themselves. While the idea of reducing hate speech is an rarified one, some minorities understand that allowing Neo Nazis who demonstrate in the public square, while unpleasant and hurtful, is a necessary evil.Racists hate mongers, and bigots of all kinds are intent on destroying the sense of safety that the minority community should be able to enjoy. It is never acceptable for a racist group to intimidate other minority groups without punishment. The penalty should not be the elimination of all speech because a few fanatics want to have their way. While umpteen minority groups do not support the censorship of free speech, some Americans acknowledge the result of emotional and physical pain that might be inflicted upon the intended targets of a racist demonstration.Racist demonstrations are a means of intimidation and oppression. Lawrence argues how the regulation of hateful speech cannot be anticipated or avoided, but states that announcing the time and location of racist demonstrations would give minority-group members and their allies the chance to avoid the speech altogether (63). The protection of ritualized racism, demonstrations, rallies, and marches, is therefore, acceptable to Lawrence.Sustaining Lawrences assertions, Jeffery Liew author of the article Hate Speech Asian American Studen ts Justice Judgments and psychological Responses suggests that Hate crime legislation is controversial for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is that it can often conflict with a core value of American democracy enshrined in the First Amendment the freedom of speech (364). Liews argument is a based on the American democracy could be devalued if censorship is taken serious and implemented. The Supreme Court weighs heavily on the minds of free speech participating members.If Lawrence and Liews arguments are to be taken seriously, they needs to brush up the possible that furiousness can occur because the reaction when conflict mixed with emotion is sometimes a recipe for an explosion of violence. Any form of violence is not a guaranteed free speech right. Lawrence also implies that government regulation breeds Libertarian martyrs because Libertarians naturally dislike government regulation. If the government regulates all forms of speech, then Libertarian Americans will, in turn, argue for a necessary remedy to the regulation.When some Libertarians are displeasing justify deregulation. The government regulates everything from air and tobacco to arsenic in the water the Libertarians would gladly stagecoach out. When it comes to the First Amendment activist and free speech advocate Annabel Patterson has a simpler view in her article More Speech on Free Speech she asserts As Justice Holmes said long ago (in Gitlow v. New York). Every idea is an incitement to somebody . . . every sentence is potentially, in some situations . . . fighting words (Fish, qtd in Patterson 60).As an alternative to additional laws governing expression, Lawrence makes a case for the inclusion of lawyers in the process of protection of free speech good lawyers can create exceptions and shrink interpretations that limit the harm of hate speech without opening the floodgates of censorship (64). The question of separation of powers starts to rear its ugly head. With every day that passes the United States seems to lose some other piece of freedom, or so the Libertarians would have you believe. Lawrences assertions makes one believe that he wants the judicial branch involved in First Amendment issues.There are fallacies in his argument first, his premise that lawyers would abide by the limits of their power is somewhat preposterous. Secondly, the Supreme Court has made some awful decisions in its history. The Dred Scott case is a prime example of the government regulating from the bench. Lawrence is correct in his assertion that ones free speech rights cannot be regulated by the government however, they can be self-regulated by universities and community colleges across the country, via the idea of time, place, and manner, as well as self-regulation by open-minded communities.We see this today as many college campuses allow speech that they deem ok, while disregarding the rights of the conservative community to have the same rights. There may be a day when al l men and women are created equal in the sight of the college administrator. While the United States government regulates hate speech when it is intended to incite bodily harm amongst its victims, it loosely does not get involved in matters of derogatory speech because it is covered in the 1st Amendment.The intent of the framers of the Constitution made it crystal clear that the sole(prenominal) way to restrict Free Speech rights was to change the constitution. There are, and always will be, moments when the rights of some seem unfair to others, however freedom comes with its prices, and those prices seem sometimes unbearable to ones sole. However, the price of free speech is borne by the people sworn to protect this country, the soldiers that lay down their lives in conjunction with the idea that every person has a value and the values of America supersede those of any other country.It does not matter if one personally agrees with another persons First Amendment rights, because i f you are an American you are guaranteed full protection under the law. Government regulation of speech goes against the very nature of America and should be struck down at every possible moment. Members of the ACLU and ACLJ ironically agree in this concept. America need not go down the road to stone or it may not come back with its dignity intact.

GDP & Employment/Inflation Essay

IntroductionThe current GDP growth post for the US economy stands at about 2.5%. It is interesting to note that in each of the last quarters of the years, the rate is high, but at the start of a new year the rate decreases in the first quarter. For example 2011, QIV is 4.9% while 2012 QI is 3.7%. The point of the business cycle the US economy may be is the expansion/reco very stage since its GDP trends show increase in most of the quarters.The GDP of any country may not be considered as an accurate economic eudaimonia measure of a country since it only measures one aspect, the economic performance of a country and ignores other issues (Gordon, & National Bureau of economic Research conclave on Business Cycles, 1986). The limitations include GDP does not consider inflation or deflation, does not measure externalities and changes due to change in change in exchange rate and it does not measure black markets or illegal transactions (McEachern, & Thomson South-Western, 2008).Unempl oyment and InflationThe most surprising is the rate of unemployment separated on black market basis. The rate for the blacks is quite higher, at about 12.0% in Feb. 2014, compared to 5.8% whites or even 8.1% Latinos or Hispanic in the same month. The rate for the unemployed blacks ranges about amidst 11% and 13% over the last periods. Unemployment is high in blacks, and teenagers at 21.4%. Men have higher rate of 6.4% in Feb.2014 compared to women at 5.9% which seems to change very slightly. Unemployment rate is low among the highly educated (Gordon, 2004). Women seem to have higher chances of employment since their unemployment rate is low compared to males. The teenagers are still in schools hence higher rate. The rates high rates of unemployment could also be attributed to inflation which causes loss of jobs (Carlberg, 2012).ReferencesCarlberg, M. (2012). Unemployment and inflation in economic crises. Berlin Springer.Gordon, R. J. (2004). Productivity growth, inflation, and une mployment The collected essays of Robert J. Gordon. Cambridge (UK Cambridge University Press.Gordon, R. J., & National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Business Cycles. (1986). The American business cycle Continuity and change. Chicago University of Chicago Press.McEachern, W. A., & Thomson South-Western. (2008). Contemporary economics. Mason, Ohio Thomson South-Western.

Human morality Essay

Morality has often been associated with the roles performed by the sentiment of nature and nurture in intercourse to the source of moral dispositions. It has been expressed that evolution has provided humans beings preconditions of theology, yet it is solely during engagement with an individuals culture that these preconditions are converted to pure morality. developing considers human beings as one of the animal species and therefore it is not easy and simple to detach ourselves from the rest of the other biological species in terms of our ethical motive and conducts (Crawford and Salmon, 2004).The concept of morality is thus not an essential part of being human, but its presence makes us adjust to our environments, as well as impress in a rational way. Morality also allows human beings to care for other individuals, as well as experience the feeling of wanting something. more importantly, morality provides us an additional characteristicto want to be decent individuals. The re has been significant debate with regards to the implications of morality and that of the concept of evolution coined by Charles Darwin.It has been expound in the history of Social Darwinism and the concept of eugenics that it is possible to choose which genes should further proliferation in the next generations and those genes that confer undesirable traits be left out to go extinct in the human race. This concept of eugenics has been attempted in eradicating future generations of criminals as well as sickly individuals that carry heritable medical disorders.Unfortunately, morality is also influenced by the concept of Social Darwinism, wherein there is huge misinterpretation of the theory of evolution, especially that of the concept of seaworthiness. One major issue of misinterpretation is that the followers of Social Darwinism strongly equate the word good to the condition of being highly evolved. Hence any individuals that are not behaving in a logical manner such as crimina ls are immediately classified as individuals that belong to a lower level in the taxonomy of human evolution.This concept should thus be revisited so that the term fitness be only associated with physical fitness of an organism as it evolves through time. It should also be known that the fitness of an organism is strongly influenced by an environment, wherein an organism that lives in a harsh environment learns to survive in cruel ecological conditions, and in the case of human beings, in poor social and environmental conditions.Moral dispositions among human beings evolve through the process of natural selection, hence the results of evolution are simply considered to be that of the selfish trait. It is generally accepted that the human school principal is comprised of structures that have evolved to follow that either-or way of thinking, wherein the mind is put in a blank non-thinking conditions and the rest of the functions of the brain are at an innate condition.There are also some genetic misinterpretations with regards to human nature, wherein there is so much attention on the contagion of intelligence and other superb human capabilities that is known be better understood that there is also a concept of determinism wherein an individual carries this need to be compassionate to other individuals because they feel a certain peace and tranquility in their bodies, including the brain and the heart. Thus there is an interaction between the environmental and the genes of an individual, resulting in the personality of an individual to sacrifice his own benefits for the good of others.The concept of eugenics thus can not be fully applied to human morality because this concept is affected by multiple factors, mainly by the genetic makeup of the individual, as well as the environmental effects on the physiological brainwork of an individual. Thus, it is genuinely simple for an individual to refrain from stealing even if he is aware that stealing will provide him a source of funds for himself. Reference Crawford C and Salmon C (eds. ). (2004) Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions. Mahwah, New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Accreditation Audit AFT Essay

A1. Compliance StatusThe ongoing survey readiness audits that are conducted in the hospital on a daily land stupefy identified areas we forget focus on to ensure that our accreditation survey results are exceptional. Audits are performed on an ongoing basis with a focus on styluss that are most commonly cited by the Joint Commission. Nightingale hospital has proven to have made great returnss everyplace prior survey findings in Emergency Management, Human Resources, Leadership, Medical Staff, Nursing Care, Provision of Care, Treatment and Services, Information Management, Handoff Communication and critical value reporting. We have fixed an abundance of resources and efforts into improvement in these categories and will continue to make strides to further improve every aspect of the care we provide to our longanimouss. (The Joint Commission, 2013)A2. Noncompliant TrendsThe areas we have identified that are not in compliance with the Joint Commission standards are1) Environment of care findings with numerous smoke w on the whole penetrations, interim sustenance safely measures for construction projects, obturate fire extinguishers, lack of sufficient evidence of adequate fire drills, lack of testing for medical gas alarm panels, blocked sprinkler clearance as well as cluttered hallways.2) Falls has continue to be a challenge for our governing and will continue to be a focus for every department in our hospital.3) Moderate sedation is an area that has been identified that need a hardwired process for not only the hospital only when for the anesthesia providers. The Joint Commission standards for moderate sedation compliance will require teamwork from the hospital and anesthesia group.4) Pain assessment and reassessment is an ongoing primitive focus area that we have not mastered in our organization. We have developed performance improvement processes to work toward compliance. This standard is a focus for every inpatient and outpatient department of our hospital.5) Authentication of verbal orders continues to be monitored, but remains a challenge for our hospital.6) Prohibited abbreviations are used periodically throughout our organization and is a piece of our daily audits when performing open record reviews. 7) Medication Management is apriority focus area for our hospital, which we continue to struggle with various(a) elements of this standard. We are focusing in particular on range order compliance and labeling medications.A3a. Staffing PatternsThe case study shows that on unit 4E has the most opportunity for improvement in the number of patient come upons and hospital acquired pressure ulcers. The comparison of falls and nursing care hours appears to be inconclusive, however appears to be a trend developing. The info appears that the rounding error nursing hours per patient day have increase during the fourth quarter. In October, the falls per metre patient days was around9. During October, the nursing hours per pati ent day were approximately five. November shows an increase in falls per patient day to 11.5 with nursing hours per patient day of 15.5. December continues the trended increase to 15 falls per 1000 patient days and 15 nursing hours per patient day. The data shows that the more hours per patient day we have, the more falls per 1000 patient days we experience. The data for pressure ulcer prohibition follows the same trends.A3b. Staffing PlanThe study has shown that the number of staff available is not causing the increase in the patient falls. The staff are obviously not rounding effectively on their patients, and being proactive in fall prevention. The plan to decrease nosocomial pressure ulcers and prevent falls will be presented to all staff on 4E by 4/15/2014 and fully implemented immediately. The new action plan will be evaluated for the remaining second quarter and if successful, will be implemented throughout the organization. The plan will utilize 10 hours per patient day, wh ich is the average of the die quarter. The plan will require the staff to be more efficient and round with purpose in order to hobble cerebrate on the needs of the patients. This increased focus should prove to decrease the number of falls per 1000 days.Action Plan1) Mandatory education by 4/15/2014 to all staff on 4E2) All patients will be rounded on hourly beginning 4/16/2014 3) All hourlyrounds will dispense the 4 Ps (Pain, potty, possessions and position) a. Paini. Is patient experiencing pain at this timeii. If so, ask patient to rate their painiii. Depending on pain level, widen medication or other intervention b. Pottyi. Does the patient need to use the restroom, urinal or ambulate to bathroom and if so, encourage them to prevent falls and stay with them until completed c. Possessionsi. Is call light, phone, meals, etc within reach of patient? The patient having their possessions within reach will minimize their need to reach or ambulate without care to answer the phon e, etc which will prevent fallsd. Positioni. Is it time to change the patients position (left to right, ambulate, etc) the changing of position frequently will assist in the prevention of pressure ulcers.4) Each staff member ta performs the hourly round will document each round on the rounding log that will be located in the patient room. Rounds can be done by either the nurse or nurses assistant, as long as all needs for medication or other special needs will be immediately addressed by the nurse. The action plan presented will ensure that the patients are seen and their needs are met on an hourly basis. The staff will anticipate the needs of all patients by addressing the areas that cause the majority of falls. The patients will know the staff will be returning within an hour and will no longer have a need to utilize their call light unless in an emergency. The call lights will decrease, which will create a more organized unit that is very focused on being proactive with all patie nts. The results will be evaluated and changes and update to the plan will be made where necessary to continue improving the fall and pressure ulcer rate on this unit.B. SourcesNONE

How Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time

School of Health and Social C atomic number 18 psychology of Health and Illness unit Observational record template What happened Initial plans Whilst at work I saw the nurse take bloods from a pers eering which was a monthly role for the forbearing it has eer gone ok and the patient has been fine with having her bloods taken before. The nurse told the patient it wouldnt hurt at all. Something happened whereby the nurse couldnt get the blood and had to re-attempt the occasion.The patient as well vexd some pain during this procedure which she wasnt expecting, the patient found this a quite traumatic experience The patient was elderly and appeared confused. The patient became anxious and next time a blood test was due became increasingly worried and loth to hurl the procedure. She appeared frightened of the hassle What happened My initial thought was why did the procedure not go to program and why did the patient re second in the substance she did.The previous procedure w as fine and she knew what it involved she had her lace step forward ready for her bloods to be taken, she thought it wouldnt hurt because it has al sorts gone ok for her with tokenish di test and pain so she wouldnt be expecting that experience. Now the behaviour has transfigured and gets di in a bad course(p) when she sees the nurse with the needle. other thought would be is she afraid of the nurse or the needle. Does the patient feel under pressure at a time to have her bloods taken. Initial thoughts One of my family members called may has lost both of her sons in the same year a few years ago they were both identical twins.This caused her to feel very low and had become down in the mouth whilst grieving for her sons. Her husband has recently become disabled and is unable to cope alone at home. It is flood tide up to the twins birthday and she is feeling low she said to myself that she doesnt bet she tin be happy and she always has bad luck. The other day she forgot sh e was cooking and burnt her food and similarly has forgot she is mull over to be at work . She has lost a lot of weight since she has been at home more(prenominal) helping her husband. She has been a light smoker most of her carriage but is not smoking a lot more.May is not the ladys real name it is used for confidentiality reasons. My first thoughts is that the patient could be stressed after the vitality events that have occurred There are the daily pressures of work and general life with her still grieving for her sons, whence on top her husband is recently disabled. The build up washstand be the stressor she could suffer with burnout if she is stressed for too long which could also lead back to depression. She is blaming outside forces her facial expression that she always has had bad luck.Her feelings and thoughts in the idea is with her forgetting things, is this because she has other things on her mind due to pressure and substitution her long term memory with new memories. Not many of her needs have been met to strike a sense of wellbeing. Another thought is how would she cope with the bit in hand which way would she go, good or bad meaning action solvent or palliative coping. If the patient is controlled by others or feels disempowered then they could become increasingly helpless whereby they completely rely on others and depend on them to make decisions for them this could also Increase stress.This test volition provide a definition of the term psychology and look at a brief history of how psychology originated. It give discuss psychological theorists and look at how their studies influenced how we encounter psychological suppositions now. The essay will relate how psychological studies and theories cease inform nursing care. It will synopsis a selection of psychological tone-beginninges such as the biologic, humanistic and psychodynamic. It will discuss in encourage detail and focus upon the behaviourist and cognitive adva ncees. It will then go on to explore how the reflections A and B crapper be explained at bottom psychological theory.Observation A will apply the behaviourist approach to the situation and try to explore how this theory relates to the ceremonial occasion. It will discuss how a routine procedure could have-to doe with upon a soul and their behaviours. Observation B will utilise the cognitive approach and apply this to the experiences of a soulfulness experiencing stressful life challenges it will explore key issues such as coping and training processing. The concept of psychological science originated from philosophy and biology which are dickens factors used in psychology today (Eysenck 2009).Psychology represents study of the mind (Gross 2005). Psychology is a type of science which studies the behaviour of humans and animals, psychology tries to envision why people behave in certain ways taking into consideration their thoughts and feelings (Eysenck 2009). The term psycho logy was founded from the Greek word, psyche which means mind, soul or spirit combined with the Latin word password which means the study of (Gross 2005). Psychology dates back to ancient civilizations who were provoke in workings of the the mind and behaviours (Payne and baby buggy 2003).Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879 (Glassman 2008). Wundt and his co workers studied the structures that make up the mind, he was the first theorist to use psychology as a self conscious experiment study perceptions and conscious awareness (Gross 2005). Psychology is relevant to nurses and health care barterals because both nurses and psychologists seek to understand the strand of needs of an undivided (Barker 2007). They also look at ways of adapting behaviours to make it possible for the individual to achieve a sense of well being. Barker 2007). According to the NMC (2008) nursing focuses on the individual as a whole taking in their physical, psychological, soc ial or cultural needs rather than a circumstantial aspect of an individual. Psychology gives nurses an insight into human behaviour and stick out inform them when providing care for people (Payne and pusher 2003). There are certain psychological based therapies in place such as person centred counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy to help people deal with anxiety and depression (Gross 2005).The biological approach assumes that our individual behaviour and experiences happen because of the activity in the nervous placement (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Our central nervous system (CNS) is made up of neurons which are billions of nerve endings within the body (Glassman and Hadad 2004). According to this approach it is believed that a persons thoughts feelings and actions are caused by the CNS (Livingstone 2009). Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was the first to suggest that we should view behaviour from a biological perspective. He saw the importance of children resembling their aren ts and the variations in humans and how individuals inherit genes as a cause of organic evolution (Eysenck 2009). The humanistic approach concentrates on a persons individual perceptions and understanding of their own actions (Payne and pushcart 2003). Individuals have their own free will to choose how they act in situations(Gross 2005). Carl Rogers explored the theory of self concept (Gross 2005). He believed individuals are at their happiest when they have a positive regard of themselves, to achieve this status they mustiness have an unconditional positive regard from other individuals (Payne and Walker 2003).If the individual does not have this they will not achieve a sense of worth. Abraham Maslow suggested the person centred theory of the hierarchy of needs ( 1943 cited Barker 2007). This suggests individuals have a responsibility to themselves to reach self actualization (Barker 2007). This theory is popular in the health profession because it looks at a person as a whole ( Eysenck 2009). The psychodynamic approach suggests behaviour forms from our unconscious mind (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The forces in a persons personality motivate different types of behaviour for typesetters case the unconscious and subconscious (Glassman and Hadad 2004).Sigmund Freud influenced the psychodynamic approach through his psychoanalytic theory of personality (WJEC 2009). Behaviour can be influenced by three parts of the mind Id, Ego and Superego (Gross 2005). Id is an impulsive part of an individuals personality, the Id influences basic biological drives such as eating and drinking (Glassman and Hadad 2004) . The aim of Id is to get what you need at any appeal to maintain basic survival needs (WJEC 2009). The Ego is where individuals become rational, the ego agreements the needs of the Id and Superego.The superego understands right from wrong, it rationalises behaviour that is learnt by parents and other surrounding influences (WJEC 2009). The ego will protect itsel f from unwanted thoughts for example painful memories can be pushed into the unconscious mind which can then be forgotten (Glassman and Hadad 2004). It is suggested behaviour is influenced by puerility experiences, while in the stage of childhood the ego is not developed enough to deal with a life event such as a traumatic experience (WJEC 2009).The behaviourist approach assumes the way we behave is the head of an experience, the approach looks at the purlieual stimuli which could be an experience and how this influences the way in which person learns (Glassman and Hadad 2004). Watson researched ways in which this theory could be measured and observed (Glassman and Hadad 2004). One of his studies was the Little Albert whereby he thought children have three basic emotional reactions fear, rage, and love. He wanted to prove these three reactions could be conditioned in children.Watson used Albert to test his theory, He repeatedly presented Albert a rat in combination with a sudden , loud noise to classically condition fear (Gross 2005). ). Ivan Pavlov researched classical conditioning, while looking at the salivation of dogs he noticed what he called psychic salivation (Gross 2005). This is where a dog would salivate before it was assumption food (Gross 2005). Pavlov founded a basis for what we now call classical conditioning (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The theorist Skinner researched operant conditioning, one of his studies was a skinner box.A rat or pigeon would be studied doing certain tasks for example pushing a lever in the box for a reward thus becoming conditioned (Gross 2005). There are two forms of conditioning classical and operant. inside classical conditioning an unconditioned repartee (UR) is when a response is not conditioned (Eysenck 2009). A electroneutral stimulus (NS) is the object which causes the UR (Gross 2005). The conditioned stimuli (CS) is an object which is associated with the NS pairing these two together after a number of attempt s will soon create a conditioned response (CR) which would be classical conditioning (Eysenck 2009).If the CS is used by its self for a while the response will become extinct, after extinction it is possible to introduce the NS again and this creates spontaneous recovery (Eysenck 2009). In operant conditioning there are positive reinforces which are things apt(p) to strengthen the behaviour for example the rats used in the skinner box were given food every time they pushed the button (Gross 2005). A negative reinforce is something which is taken outdoor(a) to increase a behaviour (Glassman and Hadad 2004).Punishment is a form of a negative reinforce this could be something like a slap on the wrists for a child demo naughty behaviour this may result in a decrease of the response (Glassman and Hadad 2004) This essay will discuss how the behaviourist approach can be applied to notice A and how conditioning applies. Within classical conditioning the neutral stimulus and unconditiona l stimulus needs to be paired quaternate times to achieve the conditioned response. If the patient in the observation viewed the pain as a traumatic experience then the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus ill only need to be paired once to get the conditioned response. Before learning the neutral stimulus would be the needle and the unconditioned response would be the patient in distress. The unconditioned stimulus would be the pain so during the observation, the needle is the neutral stimulus which before would give the patient no response. Then during the procedure the neutral stimulus (needle) gives the patient an unpleasant pain which is the unconditioned response. The next time the patients routine bloods were due when she saw the needle which is the conditioned stimulus it gave the patient distress which is the conditioned response.Applying the approach to the observation the patient appears to have been classically conditioned. This is because before the observation when the patient had the procedure they appeared fine. During the observation the patient appeared to experience pain which lead her to become distressed because of the discomfort. After the conditioning when the nurse came in the room the patient associated the procedure with the pain so was scared to have the procedure, she is showing signs of fear when associating needle and pain.Although the needle could be viewed as a NS the nurse also could be, because in the patients mind the nurse gave her the pain. Other factors could also incorporated conditioning such as the environment for example if the patient was hot and uncomfortable can also be a trigger for becoming distressed. The cognitive approach looks at the role of the thought processes within the mind such as memory and learning processing (Payne and Walker 2003). Cognitive psychologists are interested with brain thoughts that guide and cause different behaviour (Gross 2005).Until the 1990s the cognitive approach only sham how information was stored in the brain (Glassman and Hadad 2004). More enhanced technology including brain imaging techniques which helped psychologists and neuroscientists to map out brain function in coalition with behaviour (Payne and Walker 2003). Studies have shown that the relationships between thinking and languages can influence the way we think (Payne and Walker 2003). The information processing model has broadened our understanding of memory and problem solving (Glassman and Hadad 2004).Cognitive psychologists see the human mind as an information processor we take the information from an environment and interpret in our own way to produce behaviour (Glassman and Hadad 2004). The response model of stress defines stress as the reactions of the person by the demands (Gross 2005). Stress can fall under 3 categories stress can be a stimulus, response or an interaction between an individual and its environment (Gross 2005). The categories of stress can correspond to the three models of stress (Cox 1978 cited in Gross 2005).Holmes and Rahe (1967 cited Eysenck 2009) developed the social readjustment rating outgo (SRRS) to assess life events. They suggested that if a person has had many life events they are belike to be stressed (Gross 2005). Rotter (1966 cited Gross 2005) found that life events are more stressful if their locus of control was away. An external locus of control means that their behaviour is guided by fate, luck or other external circumstances such as other people (Barker 2007). According to Martin Seligman (1967 cited in Gross 2005), learned helplessness can happen when individuals have no control over their life or situation.They begin to think they are helpless, people who have learned helplessness appear to miss the opportunities to help change their situation (Gross 2005). Walter Canon (1932) suggested the principle of the fight or safety valve response, fight or flight means we set up ourselves for attack harm or threat, when an individual is stressed the body reacts to make the fight or flight response (Gross 2005). According to Gross (2005) Hans Selye (1956) further developed this to create the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).GAS stands for the bodys way of defending against stress, individuals will act in response to any stressor in the same way within the body (Gross 2005). According to Gross (2005) coping means dealing with a situation to act and overcome a situation. Cohen and Lazarus (1979) classified different ways in which individuals cope (Eysenck 2009). Direct coping is when a person deals with the situation by changing, or removing the stressor. The individual looks at the situation to understand it, then if a similar stressor arises the individual can deal with it (Gross 2005).Emotion focused coping looks at trying to take away the off putting emotion to make the individual feel better for example ignoring the stress and doing something that makes the individual feel good (Gross 2005). Palli ative coping is when the individuals turn to relief which is small term they will change the internal environment for example alcohol (Gross2005). When applying the cognitive approach to observation B, May appears to be stressed. The information processing model has taken the information from the stimulus which is Mays ife events which and interpreted it into stress (Glassman and Hadad 2004). This applies to the information processing model because she is taking information from the environment and situation to interpret it in her own way formulating negative thoughts and behaviours (Gross 2005). She is responding to the events that have occurred in her life, for example her sons dying and her husband becoming recently disabled, she has had to try and balance her daily life demands and incorporate caring for her husband at the same time.When there is an imbalance it is likely stress can occur, this applies to May. According to the SRRS May has had many major life events which can c ause her a high level of stress and she had already suffered with depression which is proved to be significant on the master (Eysenck 2009). Mays locus of control is external, this is because according to May she does not think she will ever be happy again, and she has bad luck her emotions are low so her helplessness can result in stress (Barker 2007).May also maybe stressed due to the fight or flight response, this is because she is perceiving her life experiences and current situation as a threat (Gross 2005). May has not yet seen any hazard to help herself from this stress she has not yet looked at a way of removing the stress if she stays in this situation she may have learned helplessness (Gross 2005). Applying to Mays way of coping, she appears to be palliative coping, this is because she has turned to short term relief such as smoking which is changing her internal environment (Gross 2005).In conclusion this essay has given a definition of psychology, It has understood why psychology is relevant to the nursing profession. The essay has given an overview of the biological approach which assumes that persons behaviour happens because of the CNS. It has also given an overview of the humanistic approach which explains a person has their own perceptions and understanding of their actions, the approach is more relevant to nursing because it takes into consideration the whole aspects of a person to help achieve self actualisation.The essay has given an overview of the psychodynamic approach which suggests that behaviour forms from our unconscious mind. It has given an explanation of the behaviourist approach explaining classical and operant conditioning. Then given an overview of how this approach has applied to observation A, using classical conditioning. Finally this essay has explained the cognitive approach relating it to the model of stress & coping and explained how observation B can be demonstrated within the cognitive approach. References Barker. S. , 2007.Vital notes for nurses Psychology. Oxford Blackwell publishing. Glassman. W and Hadad. M. , 2004. Approaches to psychology. 4th edition. Buckingham open university press. Gross. R. , 2005. Psychology the Science of Mind and Behaviour. 5th edition. London Green Gate. Livingstone. C. , 2009. Psychology and sociology applied to medicine. 3rd edition. London Harcourt publishers. breast feeding and Midwifery council. , 2008. The code. UK nursing midwifery council. Available from http//www. nmc-uk. org/Documents/Standards/The-code-A4-20100406. df accessed 14/02/12 Payne. S. and Walker. J. , 2003. Psychology for nurses and the caring professionals. Berkshire Open university press. Royal College of Nursing. , 2003. P. 3, delineate Nursing. London The Royal College of Nursing. Available from http//www. rcn. org. uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78569/001998. pdf accessed 14/02/12 WJEC. , 2009. Psychology AS. Dublin Folens publishers. available from http//onlineclassroom. tv/files/post s/the_psychodynamic_approach_free_chapter/document00/WJEC_AS_Ch_03. pdf accessed 9/02/12

Hebrew Covenant Essay

The most insightful and genuinely godly nonion of the Hebrew world view is the concept of the berit involving God and His chosen people. Interpreted into English as covenant, the term denotes a little closer to promise, or pledge. In the promise to Abraham, God picks Abraham and his offspring as a particular people, in fact, as the totally people of God. He assures Abraham that his progeny will know and possess the lands of Palestine, that they will be immeasurable, and that they will benefit from the security and attention of God over every their enemies.It is this promise and the relationship it entails concerning Yahweh, the one and only God, and His people that characterize the Hebrew cultural and historical distinctiveness. The truss implied by the word berit is the relationship involving a lord and his servants, for in Hebrew, a berit is a pledge that is do unilaterally by a lord to his servants that he will defend and provide for those servants. The promise is not com pelled by law nor affected on the lord by his servantsit is utterly voluntary.The term covenant stands for vocation deal, or contract, and suggests a promise to provide one end of the contract if the other end is met. that a covenant is a two-sided arrangement it obtains the participation of both parties and they are obligated only by the stipulations of the covenant or agreement. Gods berit, on the other hand, is carried out unilaterally scoopful of the involvement of Abraham or his people in the agreement. Abraham is merely chosen.As implied in the word, the relationship of God to his chosen people is a connection of a lord to his servants the chosen people, as servants, owe to God graduation exercise and foremost obedience. In this sense, the Abrahamic berit is open-ended by picking Abrahams offspring, God is requiring of that offspring absolute ingress and deference for all the rules to come in the future. For God has not bared His regulations to His chosen people in the tim e of Abraham that will appear centuries later when the Hebrews are set free from Egypt. Reference 1. Hooker, Richard, World Civilizations, 1996.