Explore the ways in which Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies Essay

Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies through with(predicate) the protagonist Stephens recollection of their youngsterhood adventures as best friends. Keith is shown as aware and confident in his knowledge and status, with an imagination so seemingly outright to the point of violence. Despite this, Frayn evokes sympathy from the reader by portraying Keith for what he truly is a puppyish boy who uses the spying game as a means of escape from what appears a normal, but uncouth upbringing.Frayn presents Keith in relation to Stephen, within the context of their friendship. Through their contrasting characteristics and family backgrounds their personalities are created. Frayns use of Stephen as a subservient yet contented friend highlights Keiths dominance He Keith was the leader, and I was the led.. He was the officer corps I was the Other Ranks, and grateful to be so. Frayns use of repeated execration structure emphasises the divide in status of the two. The relationship is presented as balanced by both Stephen and Keiths contentedness of the power imbalance. Stephen is grateful to follow Keith, who enjoys cosmos leader. Keiths dominance and power over Stephen is make evident, especially as Frayn presents Keith, in Stephens eyes, as somewhat of a god One integrity heroic deed, to lay at Keiths feet in the morning. This image that is portrayed is that of a sacrifice, an offering to remunerate for what Stephen feels are his inadequacies, and his betrayal of Keiths trust.Frayn also makes it evident that Keiths assumed superiority above former(a) children comes from his awareness of his status in society. Again Frayn uses Stephens memory as a framework to subtly inform the reader of Keiths social status. In Stephens memory they are socially colour-coded- Keiths yellow and black uniform immediately identifies him as coming from the right school. Keith does not talk to different children in the Close, only to Stephen, whom he can easily manipulate. F rayn demonstrates Keiths insensitivity as he patronises Stephen with Go home if youre bored, old bean, a term Keiths father uses on him to signal a punishment. Frayn clearly uses this phrase to demonstrate Keith echoing his fathers threattowards him, this time it is directed at Stephen. In this case, however, the punishment Keith intends for Stephen is not a caning, but the humiliation of appearing like a child in their pretend adult spying game.Through Keith, Frayn demonstrates the power of a childs imagination. From the origin he introduces Keith as an imaginative boy who leads fantastic expeditions like investigating murderer-neighbours. This idea is further genuine by Frayn with, My mother is a German spy. This shows Keiths awareness of his mothers unusual and jerry-built behaviour, with the war as a backdrop adding realism to his game. Frayn shows Keiths imagination as an escape from his abruptly ordered bedroom- a reflection of his fathers strict control of the house.Frayn employs the use of Keiths fathers character to create fearsomeness within Keiths character himself. The reader empathises with Stephens opinion of terror at Keith, as Frayn creates apprehension at Keiths arrival into the boys den and the iconic stab is taken out. In contrast with Barbara Berrills perception of it as simply and more importantly, realistically, a cut knife- in Keiths hands tension is immediately created portrayed as an echo of Mr Hayward through learned behaviour, Keith is capable of inflicting physical pain and violence, and does so. He makes a dismissive comment to Stephen, If you think that hurt, you shamt know what hurting is. One the one hand this could be interpreted as Keiths typical undermining of Stephens feelings, challenging him to act like the brave, invincible adult Keith perceives himself to be. On the other hand, it could be read as a cry for help, suggesting that for Keith, physical pain from his father is more bearable than being restricted of hi s freedom to be what he truly is a child.In Keith Frayn shows a lost childhood, exploring within it the idea of secrets of what seem normal and flawless in the surface, presenting imagination as a way to violence, and alternatively, a means of escapism from a harsh world.

Auto World Inc Essay

machine World Inc. (AWI) is a leading automotive retail and service chain. They stand many operate segments comprised of cardinal different centers 10 miles apart from each other. gem hold on Centers (PSC) offer service labor, installed merchandise, and tires while their railway car Boyz Centers (ABC) sells automotive merchandise. AWI has a plan to close their operating segment PSC to change their current operating mental synthesis to improve and efficiently deliver retail products and automotive services by providing their customers with a wizard hang-up shopping for do-it-yourself retail customers and do-it-for-me customers (PSC Case).AWI expects this change to enhance their ability to increase market sh be, improve sales, and alliance fee. This change in restructuring will cast off an effect on current earnings and will wishing to be write uped properly in their 2007 Income Statement. AWI must report this move activity properly downstairs US Generally Accepted A ccounting Principles (generally accepted accounting principles).The FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), commonly known as GAAP has specific standards that must be followed in order to classify the disposal of an entity as discontinued or continues operation of a comp one(a)nt of an entity. under(a) the guidance of numerous ASCs, AWI does not meet the two conditions to report their PSC closures as discontinued trading operations. The criteria used, assessment period, presentation, and apocalypse for this retail company will be explained in contingent when applying proper GAAP.A component of an entity comprises operations and cash operates that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for fiscal reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity it may be a reportable segment or an operating segment, a reporting unit, a subsidiary, or an asset group in which Auto World determined mightily under the first requirement that the PSC met the definition of a component of an entity (ASC 205-20-20).The two conditions for reporting the disposed movement as discontinued operations are The results of operations of a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale under the requirements of paragraph 360-10-45-9, shall be reported in discontinued operations in accordance with paragraph 205-20-45-3 if both of the following conditions are met1. The operations and cash flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity as a result of the disposal exploit. 2. The entity will not have any remarkable continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction (ASC 205-20-45-1). Several steps below will be used to explain why the disposal of the PSC stores should be considered a continuation of operations rather than discontinue of operations (ASC 205-20-55-3). These three steps along with their various(prenominal) answers are also depicted in a flow chart (see Appendix A). Step one asks are continuing cash flows expected to be generated by the ongoing entity?Yes, the continuing cash flows are being generated by ABC from transactions with customers from PSC. Step two asks if the continuing cash flows result from a migration or continuation of activities. The continuing cash flows are the result of a migration from the closed PSCs to the one stop ABC. ABC sells products similar to those sold in the closed retail stores. After the closure of the Pit Stop Centers, Auto World omens that there will be continuing cash flows from the sale of automotive services and tires by the ongoing ABCs of approximately $600 million.Auto World estimates that the Pit Stop Centers would have generated approximately $700 million of sales absent the disposal transaction (PSC Case). Step three asks if the continuing cash flows are significant. Yes, the ongoing ABC estimates the continuing cash inflows will approximate 86 pct (see Appendix B) of that would have been generated by PSCs absent the disposal transaction. AWI is expecting these actions to generate significant cash flow in 2007 and to increase free cash flow in 2008.AWI is also expecting to yield improvements in operating earnings of approximately $58 million in 2008 to be significant leading to the classification as a discontinued operation to be inappropriate (ASC 205-20-55-70). Since stakeholders rely on financial statements to base their decisions and to insure future cash flows, current information presented must be accurate under GAAP Under the second requirement, one issue I have identified is the intentions of managements decisions to improve their companys net earnings.The professional literature I relied on are these two statements, the actions we are announcing at once will further enhance our ability to increase market share and improve sales and earnings at our company and in this regard, we remain committed to the automotive business and we expec t to deliver significant additional profitable growth were made by Mr. Bobby, chairman and chief executive officer. When considering the use and disclosure of restructuring charges, depending on the industry, there should not be re-occurring restructuring cost line item on the Income Statement class after year.Closing the PSC stores as of the second quarter in June 2007 is an event taking place in 2007 which can happen only once. If management continues to show this type of special/unusual charge in future periods, the question of integrity should be raised. Management does not want to give off the look of possibly smoothing earnings by using restructuring charges. Once a decision to restructure is made, GAAP requires companies to estimate the future costs they expect to incur to carry out the restructuring for such things as plant closings (AWI shortly estimates it will incur restructuring and other charges totaling $52 million pre-tax).These estimated restructuring costs are the n charged to an outlay account with an offsetting credit to a liability account (Restructuring reserve) in the current period (Revsine, pg 155). In exploitation my recommendation and conclusion for resolving this issue, management should make a foot note explaining these changes which will entrust stakeholders to make better decisions.The new re-structured ABC will continue to sell automotive parts that were antecedently sold through the PSCs, and under the ASC, PSC store closures are not considered and cannot be reported as a discontinued operation in AWIs second quarter financial statements. The continuing cash flows are being generated by ABC from transactions with customers from PSC, given by the level of significance of 86 per centum for this continuing cash flow subsequent to the disposal transaction.

Introduction of Green Building Material Essay

Materials argon the stuff of economic life in our industrial world. They allow the resource inputs and the product outputs of industrial production. How we handle them is a major determinant of real economic efficiency, and similarly has a major impact on our health and the health of the natural environment The built-environment is besides a strategic realm of social, economic and environmental change.Various writers have stated that spatial redesign of the decorate and built-environment may be the single most effective means of achieving innovative levels of efficiency and sustainability (Lyle, 1994 Mollison, 1983 Alexander, 1977 Van der Ryn & group A Cowan, 1996). Building materials are also quite important. They have been estimated that create materials make up forty portion of material through-put of entire economy (Milani, 2001).In the book Green Building Project Planning and constitute Estimating, Keenan and Georges (2002) identified some key characteristics of green twist materials. As regards green building materials, they should be well-preserved for the internal environment, healthy for the natural environment, minimize building cogency use, have low embodied energy, be reusable, recyclable and/or biodegradable, and be locally obtained. Embodied energy is a concept that takes into account some(prenominal) situationors to determine the energy needed to produce a product and bottom be utilize as a comparison between different materials.There is some controversy surrounding embodied energy as there is no internationally agreed method for calculating this value and many propagation it is not known what has been accounted for (Woolley and Kimmins, 2005). For example, cement has an embodied energy of 7. 8 MJ/kg, while virgin brand is 32. 0, and recycled marque is 10. 1 MJ/kg (Keenan and Georges, 2002). In these values however, consideration is not given to transportation, durability, reuse and recycling. These factors could significantly motley the original values.Building materials are also the stuff of our personal environments. They are all around us, and literally part of the air we breathe. They can damage the biosphere VOCs from paints alone are responsible for perhaps 9 percentage of the damage to the ozone layer. They can also damage us the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, estimates that interior pollutioncaused by materials like paints, plastics and particleboardsis responsible for more than 11,000 deaths each year from cancer, kidney failure, and respiratory collapse (Ligon, 2001).The fact that buildings are all around us means not only that they immediately impact us, besides that we can potentially affect them. The building industry is a decentralized one that exists in to the highest degree every community. Not surprisingly, the built-environment is a major venue for ecological and community development alternatives, with materials being an change magnitude focus of concern over the past decade.The first is the section on Materials and Resources. This section consists of one requisite and eight credits. The eight credits focus on reuse and management of construction and demolition bolt using refurbished or reused materials and materials with a recycled content using regional and rapidly renewing materials and lastly if new wood must be used, using products certified accordance with the Forest Stewardship Councils principles and criteria The second section which pertains to building materials is Indoor Environmental Quality.The important credit is number four Low Emitting Materials. For this credit, the Volatile Organic carbon copy (VOC) content of adhesives and sealants must be less(prenominal) than the VOC content limits of the State of California South Coast bearing Quality Management Districts (SCAQMD) rule number 1168 from October 2003. For paints, the VOC content must be less than the VOC and chemical component limits of the Green Seals Standa rd GS-11 from January 1997. Composite wood and laminate adhesives must contain no added urea formaldehyde resins.Concrete is a strong and durable material with a high heat repositing capacity (Keenan and Georges, 2002). It is genuine from an indoor air quality standpoint as it is inert. The problems associated with concrete are collapse water at concrete plants which can have a high pH, and the use of cement as a binding agent in concrete. Cement is very energy intensive and is a major contributor of greenhouse gases. To counteract this, up to 70% of cement in concrete can be replaced with fly ash. Fly ash is a waste product from coal fired plants.Brick, block and rock and roll have a low embodied energy and are therefore environmentally friendly materials (Keenan and Georges, 2002). To avoid added impacts of transportation, local masonry should be used where available. STRUCTURAL FRAMING An ongoing environmental debate is wood versus poise as components for framing. Both mat erials have been destructive to the environment and both have advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of wood is that it is a natural insulator while steel is a conductor. Steel is 400 times more conductive than wood (Keenan and Georges, 2002).One of the disadvantages of wood is that it needs to be treated with preservatives which can be toxic and demonstrate the wood non-biodegradable. Steel on the other hand offers resistance to insects and water rot. Steel is also recyclable. The superior between steel and wood should depend on the application they are being used for. woodwind may be more environmentally friendly if you can use non-treated and certified wood. The production serve is less energy intensive than for steel, and creates less pollution and environmental degradation than the mining and processing of steel (Keenan, A. , and Georges, D. , 2002). INSULATIONSome of the considerations which need to be taken in account when choosing an insulation material are 1) does it retard airflow, 2) which type will provide the best Rvalue within a reasonable thickness, 3) does it pose health risks, and 4) does it contain ozone depleting chemicals (Keenan and Georges, 2002). In the Green Building Handbook, the authors offered their choices for best buys. Their top three choices were wool, cellulose fiber, and cork. These choices are thermally as good as conventional insulators (Woolley and Kimmins, 2005). Cellulose Fiber is do from processed waste paper, with added borates for fire and pest resistance.It is made into a fluff that can either be placed by hand or sprayed (Woolley and Kimmins, 2005). insularity corkboard is produced by cooking cork granules at high temperature and pressure. The granules bond themselves together with their own resins (Woolley and Kimmins, 2005). ROOFING For materials used in roofing, durability is critical. One option for materials is metals, such as copper, steel and aluminium. Metal roofs are good because they can b e made of recycled material and can be recycled at the end of their life cycle. They also last long-life than asphalt (Frej, 2005).Cool roofs are an option that can be useful in both mild and hot climates. The roof material is covered with a reflective coating. This coating prevents the building from getting hot, reduces heat island effects and prolongs the life of a roof (Keenan and Georges, 2002). A non-petroleum based coating should be used. Living green roofs are another option. Green roofs are roofs that are partially or solely covered with soil and vegetation. These roofs provide environmental cooling, habitat, added insulation, storm water management, natural beauty, cleaner air and can extend the life of a roof (Keenan and Georges, 2002).One source suggested two to three times longer than a conventional roof (Frej, 2005) while another suggested they can extend the life up to cytosine% (Keenan and Georges, 2002). Planted roofs can require more maintenance and require a sys tem to prevent reservoir penetration and water seepage.

International Business Strategy Literature review

International Business Strategy - Literature re put one over ExampleYet many managers view it to be more theoretical than practical. Most of the time, when this theory in use it is often misused to lead a single answers which is overly precise (Lindstadt, 2010).The work on the European passenger rail deregulation is evidence to prove that gimpy theory provides appropriate guidance to managers as they handle unprecedented and exhausting situations. The key to achieve the best results is to use this theory to generate a range of results based on decisions made by reasonable players. Then use them analyze the merits and demerits of each decision. It is clear from the reading, that the authors model changes game theory from a tool that gives a single answer to a discipline that gives knowledgeable sponsor to managerial decisions (Lindstadt, 2010).We observe that factors in the economic environment propel game theory to a liberal place in strategy. The global economic crisis and the uncertain recovery, have called for shifts in industrial capacity, market determine and demand. These uncertainties paralyze corporate decision-making and worse they compel managers to make less informed decisions. Game theory contributes to a clear decision

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bullying - Essay voiceIt is the interest of this discussion to inform the reader on the aggressive and harming instrument of work home base determent (Field, 1996). This discussion will study ways of handling bullyrag, consequences of the employees involved in bullying, and the effects of bullying in the organization they work. Discussion Bullying is closely associated with learning institutions, but a growing number of report cases of work place bullying is worrying and shifted the focus. Work place bullying is defined as all negative conduct that shows little or no regard for the workers by their employers or colleagues. This humiliating botch up may be generated by a worker against another(prenominal) worker or worse still, by a person of higher authority in the work place to the workers. According to Douglas (2001), the reason as to why managers bully their workers is presumably to handle their inadequacies from the board and the workers. He reiterates that only inadequate managers bully their workers. 80% of workplace bullying occurs between a manager and an employee. Managers or senior workers are said to suck in bullying to hide their inadequacies and weaknesses. ... Some of them also think that by bullying others, they will hide their lack of skills in doing things, by blaming it on others (Field, 1996). However, bullying among colleagues is not as common as bullying among senior workers to the employees. The fear of losing ones job makes many of these employees never report cases of bullying (Douglas, 2001). How to jam With Work Place Bullying It is often extremely hard to prove bullying as a form of criminal activity. Many perpetrators of bullying behavior often go unpunished because there lacks nice evidence to prove that their behavior causes harm. Nonetheless, the best way to deal with bullying in the work place is to be informed on how to protect oneself from any acts of abusive conduct perpetrated either from a fellow or the manager. M aintaining substantial personal boundaries with your seniors and bullying co-workers is perhaps the best way to self-protection (Adams & Crawford, 1992). When one is existence bullied especially by a co-worker, the best way is to stop them from their actions and explain how one feels about their harassing behavior. This action, as he reiterates, invokes in them the consciousness of their behavior prompting a change from their actions. memory calm is another way of dealing with a bully. This helps in preventing a confrontation if one were to react towards the bullying behavior. Keeping calm helps someone from getting upset, thereby avoiding a collusion that would otherwise project the whole military post (Field, 1996). Consequences and Effects of Bullying on the Employees There are numerous consequences of bullying to the employee affected. There have been cases of inform health problems to

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE LITERATURE EXPLORING NURSING MANAGMENT OF review - 1

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE EXPLORING NURSING MANAGMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOSIS WHO ENGAGE WITH SUBSTANCE defile WITHIN MENTAL HEALTH SETTING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK) - Literature review good exampleA standard urine toxicology screen for matchled-substance abuse was negative. Both the patient and family members denied any relevant narrative of medical or psychiatric disorders. Upon direct interviewing, the patient denied taking any prescription medications. When asked about everyplace the counter medications, she admitted taking ibuprofen for occasional headaches, and stated that over the past three weeks she had been taking some(a) Chinese herbal tea diet pills daily, that she had recently purchased over the internet, but could not remember exactly how many an(prenominal) she had taken every day. She stated that the diet pills were recommended by a friend who was able to lose 27 pounds over a period of 8 weeks. She also noted that just a few long time after initiating th e diet pills she started feeling anxious and had difficulty falling sleep at night. The patient was started on risperidone 1 mg orally twice daily, was not permitted to take her herbal diet pills, and showed significant amiable improvement over a period of just four days. The herbal diet pills she had been taking were by and by identified as a brand that had previously been recognized as possibly containing a artificial chemical stimulant.Herbal medicines ar gaining increasing popularity as both dietary supplements and complementary remedies. They are loosely perceived as safe and effective because of their presumed natural origin. However, common problems seriously affecting the integrity of herbal medicines include adulteration, contamination, lack of standardization and inappropriate or purposefully misleading labeling.Dietary supplements for weight control should be safe. However, prescription drugs have been found to be added to some herbal formulations in significant conce ntrations, which are then marketed as dietary supplements or natural nutritional products. One prominent example is sibutramine, a drug that is currently approved in the US for treating

Enterprise Zones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise Zones - Essay ExampleThe confusion occurs in a considerable result of areas where states have given their opening move zone programs renaissance zones, keystone opportunity zones, ontogenesis zones and program areas, for example.The states try zones present a compelling opportunity to explore the spread of ideas in the American federal system. The enterprise zones have caused a significant debate within the framework of urban policy and economic development over the past two decades. The idea of cutting taxes and regulations as a free market improve for impoverished areas was originally a frontend brought forward by conservatives and denounced by many liberals. Today, the state zones that populate the decorate of rural and urban areas hardly resemble the anti-government, supply-side approach. A new vibrant, federal empowered zones and enterprise residential area programs require the inclusion of social programs which provide grants for individual zones.As to their mo de of operation, enterprise zones provide spare state and local economic-development incentives that encourage commercial investments and promotion of job creation in the economy. The program earlier aims at providing tax incentives to businesses within an enterprise zone. Eligibility for benefits from the program depends on physical presence in a given zone existing businesses and those being relocated to such areas are eligible. These incentives include hiring tax credit, deal and use tax credits, deductions of business expenses, carryover of net operating losses and deduction of net interest that lenders and banks charge. A business located within an enterprise zone may reduce its state income tax by a percentage of wages paid to qualified employees. It may also claim up to half of employees wages within the first year of employment.The drawbacks to enterprise zone system range from costs, fosterage and turnover to